Dictionary

Phrygian cap en · NOUN

Pronunciation

• /ˌfrɪd͡ʒiən ˈkæp/ (General-American)
• (General-American) audio
• /ˌfrɪd͡ʒɪən ˈkæp/ (Received-Pronunciation)

Etymology

From Phrygian (“of or relating to Phrygia, its people or their culture”) + cap. Sense 2 (“congenital abnormality of the gall bladder”) is a calque of German phrygische Mütze, coined by J. Bartel in 1916 and popularized by Edward A. Boyden.

Meanings

1. (Ancient-Rome, qualifier:Ancient Greece) A soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward, represented in Greek and Roman art as worn by ancient Phrygians, and later associated with the Roman liberty cap.
   • Smiley Phryge (pronounced, with French style, as "Free-juh") represents what's known as a Phrygian cap, based on similar caps worn by 18th-century French revolutionaries, who saw it as a symbol of freedom. […] "When the French and British wanted to choose a cap of liberty from antiquity, they got it wrong," he [Charles Brian Rose] says. "They chose the Phrygian cap, which signified Middle East status, rather than the pileus, which signified liberty—and so the Phrygian cap came to be interpreted as a symbol of liberty." 2024 July 13, Tom Metcalfe, “Why this Ancient Hat is the 2024 Olympic Mascot”, in National Geographic, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 28 Jul 2024:
   • A Phrygian Priapus of Elegant VVorkmanſhip: The Phrygian Cap pointed and hanging dovvn behind, as our Caps in Diſhabille are novv vvorn. 1699, Martin Lister, “Of Paris in General”, in A Journey to Paris in the Year 1698, 2nd edition, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC, page 46:
   • He was a handsome wretch, physically. […] I have no doubt that his red Phrygian cap concealed a pair of pointed furry ears; but his tattered habiliments and the strips of gay cloth wound, brigand-like, about his calves were not able to hide the ungyved grace of his limbs. 1878 May, Thomas Bailey Aldrich, “From Ponkapog to Pesth. Chapter II. On a Balcony.”, in The Atlantic Monthly: A Magazine of Literature, Science, Art, and Politics, volume XLI, number CCXLVII, Boston, Mass.: Houghton, Osgood and Company […], →OCLC, page 599, column 2:
   • [Cornelian. Brit[ish] Muſ[eum].] The tvvo Dioſcuri, vvith Phrygian caps, on horſeback, approaching a female in a long robe, in the middle, vvho ſeems to hold their horſes by the head. 1791, R[udolf] E[rich] Raspe, “Castor and Pollux, or the Twins”, in A Descriptive Catalogue of a General Collection of Ancient and Modern Engraved Gems, Cameos as well as Intaglios, Taken from the Most Celebrated Cabinets in Europe; […], volume I, London: […] [C. Buckton] for and sold by James Tassie, […]; and J[ohn] Murray, […], →OCLC, paragraph 1261, pages 108–109, column 1:
   • A short while later, the fire in the courtyard was lit again when a hen laid a fantastic egg that looked like a Ping-Pong ball with an appendage like that on a Phrygian cap. My grandmother identified it on the spot: "It's a basilisk's egg." She threw it into the fire, murmuring prayers of conjuration. 2003, Gabriel García Márquez, chapter 2, in Edith Grossman, transl., Living to Tell the Tale […] (A Borzoi Book), New York, N.Y.: Alfred A[braham] Knopf, →ISBN, page 75:
2. (broadly) A congenital abnormality of the gall bladder with no pathological significance, caused by a folding at the distal part of the fundus.
   • The phrygian cap or folded-fundus gallbladder is a relatively frequent variation in the shape of the gallbladder, which appears as a persistent notch on radiographic contrast study. […] The phrygian cap does not appear to be the result or the cause of disease, and is considered to be of no clinical importance except that it may stimulate a stone or other abnormality. 2003, Ernest E. Lack, “Normal Anatomy of the Gallbladder and Cystic Duct along with Developmental and Other Abnormalities”, in Pathology of the Pancreas, Gallbladder, Extrahepatic Biliary Tract, and Ampullary Region, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, part II (Gallbladder), page 407, column 1:

Forms

Coordinates

pileus

Hypernyms

cap of liberty · liberty cap

Translations (64)

it papalina (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · de skythische Mütze (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · pl czapka frygijska (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · eu barrete frixio (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · ar قُبَّعَة فْرِيجِيَة (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · mk Фригиска капа (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · it berretto di Frigia (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · az azadlıq papağı (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · cmn 弗裡吉亞無邊便帽 /弗里吉亚无边便帽 (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · tr Frigya başlığı (congenital abnormality of the gall bladder caused by a folding at the distal part of the fundus) · az Frigiya papağı (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · nl Frygische muts (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · it cappello frigio (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · id topi Frigia (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · fi fryygialaismyssy (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · nb frygisk lue (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · el Φρυγικός σκούφος (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · bg фригийска шапка (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · sh фригијска ка̏па (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · ka ფრიგიული ჩაჩი (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · ru фриги́йский колпа́к (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · sk skýtska čiapka (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · hu frígiai sapka (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · it berretto frigio (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · he מִצְנֶפֶת פְרִיגִיָּת (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · cmn 自由之帽 (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · ar قلنسوة فريجية (congenital abnormality of the gall bladder caused by a folding at the distal part of the fundus) · bg шапка на свободата (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · fa کلاه فریژی (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · be фрыгі́йскі каўпа́к (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · pl czapka wolności (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · sv frygisk mössa (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · fi synnynnäinen sappirakon pohjukan ja rungon välinen poimu (congenital abnormality of the gall bladder caused by a folding at the distal part of the fundus) · eo friga ĉapo (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · fr bonnet phrygien (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · sv frihetsmössa (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · nb frihetslue (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · nn frygisk hue (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · ko 프리기아 모자 (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · pt barrete da liberdade (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · pnb فرائیگین ٹوپی (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · sh frigijska kȁpa (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · eu frigiar txano (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · fa کلاه آزادی (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · de phrygische Mütze (congenital abnormality of the gall bladder caused by a folding at the distal part of the fundus) · id topi kebebasan (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · li frygische mutsj (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · ca barret frigi (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · ru фраки́йский колпа́к (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · uk фригі́йський ковпа́к (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · tr Frigya başlığı (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · pl pęcherzyk w kształcie czapki frygijskiej (congenital abnormality of the gall bladder caused by a folding at the distal part of the fundus) · et früügia müts (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · cs frygická čapka (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · pt barrete frígio (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · be фракі́йскі каўпа́к (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · ro bonetă frigiană (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · sv jakobinmössa (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · sk frýgická čiapka (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · ja フリジア帽 (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · co cappellu frisgiu (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · de phrygische Mütze (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · nb jakobinerlue (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward) · es gorro frigio (soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward)

wikipedia: Eugène Delacroix · wikipedia: Liberty Leading the People