-ling en · X · etymology 1
Pronunciation
Etymology
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-lósder. Proto-Germanic *-ilaz Proto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.? Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos Proto-Germanic *-īnaz Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz ? Proto-Germanic *-ingaz Proto-Germanic *-ilingaz Proto-West Germanic *-ling Old English -ling Middle English -ling English -ling From Middle English -ling, from Old English -ling, from Proto-West Germanic *-ling, from Proto-Germanic *-lingaz, a nominal suffix, probably composed of Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (agent/instrumental/diminutive suffix) + Proto-Germanic *-ingaz (patronymic suffix). Akin to Dutch -ling, German -ling, Icelandic -lingur, Gothic -𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (-liggs). More at -le, -ing.
Meanings
- (morpheme) small, immature, miniature
- (morpheme) follower or resident
Forms
| Spelling | Features | Labels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| -lyng | alternative, obsolete | lexicographic | |
| -lin | alternative, dialectal | lexicographic |
Deriveds
earthling · darkling · endling · starveling · stripling · pigling · underling · seedling · gosling · fledgling · wildling · fondling · princeling · wordling · doeling · witling · daughterling · sportling · puffling · swanling · foundling · buckling · fatling · overling · vetchling · lordling · cageling · darling · hatchling · changeling · nestling · fingerling · spiderling · castling · lambling · hireling · yearling · suckling · firstling · kindling · youngling · godling · weakling · worldling · ridgeling · shaveling · duckling · sapling · goatling
Synonyms
-el · -ule · -kin · -le · -let · -y · -ee · -et · -icle · nano- · micro- · -cule · -ie · -ole · -ette · mini-
Translations (72)
it -ina (Diminutive) · cmn -子 (Diminutive) · scn -ina (Diminutive) · gl iña (Diminutive) · scn -eḍḍu (Diminutive) · de -lein (Diminutive) · ga -óg (Diminutive) · ia -etta (Diminutive) · it -etto (Diminutive) · de -erl (Diminutive) · nl -tje (Diminutive) · fr -ine (Diminutive) · et -kene (Diminutive) · ga -ín (Diminutive) · ja 子 (Diminutive) · ro -el (Diminutive) · es -ito (Diminutive) · cy -cyn (Diminutive) · pl -ę (Diminutive) · cy -ig (Diminutive) · it -ello (Diminutive) · et -lane (Diminutive) · ia -etto (Diminutive) · it -etta (Diminutive) · scn -icchia (Diminutive) · cmn 崽 (Diminutive) · scn -inu (Diminutive) · scn -eḍḍa (Diminutive) · ro -aș (Diminutive) · es -illa (Diminutive) · kmr -ik (Diminutive) · scn -itta (Diminutive) · ru -ёк (Diminutive) · gl -iño (Diminutive) · nl -pje (Diminutive) · it -ella (Diminutive) · uk -еня́ (Diminutive) · ru -ок (Diminutive) · kmr -ok (Diminutive) · es -ita (Diminutive) · ro -șor (Diminutive) · pt -inho (Diminutive) · fr -ette (Diminutive) · enm -ling (Diminutive) · gd -ag (Diminutive) · fi -nen (Diminutive) · cy -os (Diminutive) · uk -е́нько (Diminutive) · ru -ёнок (Diminutive) · enm -ing (Diminutive) · ga -án (Diminutive) · it -ino (Diminutive) · uk -о́чок (Diminutive) · scn -uzzu (Diminutive) · ro -uș (Diminutive) · scn -icchiu (Diminutive) · fr -et (Diminutive) · nl -je (Diminutive) · cmn 小 (Diminutive) · gd -an (Diminutive) · kmr -k (Diminutive) · de -chen (Diminutive) · fr -in (Diminutive) · br -ig (Diminutive) · ru -о́нок (Diminutive) · nl -ling (Diminutive) · fi -lainen (Diminutive) · scn -ittu (Diminutive) · sv -is (Diminutive) · scn -uzza (Diminutive) · ro -uț (Diminutive) · es -illo (Diminutive)